InnateDB: Systems Biology of the Innate Immune Response

Mus musculus Gene: Tlr9

Summary

InnateDB Gene

IDBG-195818.6

Last Modified

2014-10-13 [Report errors or provide feedback]

Gene Symbol

Tlr9

Gene Name

toll-like receptor 9

Synonyms

Species

Mus musculus

Ensembl Gene

ENSMUSG00000045322

Encoded Proteins

IDBP-195820

toll-like receptor 9

Protein Structure

Useful resources

Stemformatics EHFPI ImmGen

InnateDB Annotation

Summary

PMID 11286707

Tlr9 binds CpG DNA and induces dendritic cell maturation in a MyD88-dependent manner in mice.

PMID 19923461

Tlr9 engages in signalling crosstalk with Tlr4 during activation, and as a result, amplifies the inflammatory response of murine macrophages.

PMID 17452530

Tlr9, 7, and 3 interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein Unc93b and this is essential for proper TLR signaling.

PMID 21376231

Tlr9 signalling enhances the rate of acidification of the Salmonella-containing phagosome, and this acidification induces the expression of Salmonella pathogenecity genes that are necessary for intracellular survival, growth, and systemic infection. Tlr9 deficiency rescues the high Salmonella susceptibility phenotype observed in Tlr2,Tlr4 double mutant mice.

PMID 21389263

Tlr9 triggers plasmacytoid dendritic cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients upon recognition of self-antigens such as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). (Demonstrated in human)

PMID 21402738

Tlr9 requires proteolytic processing in endolysosome by asparagine endopeptidase and cathepsin in the endolysosome to initiate signalling in response to DNA.

PMID 21439959

Tlr9 deficiency reduced pancreatic edema, inflammation and pro-Il1b expression in pacreatitis.

PMID 21482737

Tlr9 synergistically interacts with Tlr2::Tlr6 in lung epithelium to induce rapid pathogen killing, and can be used as a therapeutic target to treat otherwise lethal pneumonia.

PMID 21604257

Tlr9 is proteolytically cleaved in the endosome to form a soluble Tlr9 (sTlr9), which inhibits Tlr9-dependent signalling and contributes to the prevention of autoimmune disease.

PMID 21721026

Tlr9 activation is enhanced by increased levels of circulating histones, serving as a crucial link between initial damage and activation of innate immunity during sterile inflammation

PMID 21860217

Tlr9 promotes macrophage Hif1a levels, oxidative burst and nitric oxide production in response to group A Streptococcus (GAS), contributing to GAS clearance in vivo in both localized cutaneous and systemic infection models.

PMID 21947771

Tlr9 is selectively compartmentalized to fungal phagosomes and negatively modulates macrophage anti-fungal effector functions.

PMID 22342842

Tlr9 expression and signalling capacity oscillates with the circadian clock.

PMID 22535248

Mitochondrial DNA that escapes from autophagy induces Tlr9 inflammatory responses in cardiomyocytes and is capable of inducing myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy.

PMID 23071157

TLR9 activation by endogenous self-ligands generated during oxidative stress promotes platelet hyper-reactivity and thrombosis.

PMID 23142781

Tlr9 contributes to the control of activated endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) and ERV-induced tumours.

PMID 23752491

The N-terminal region of TLR9 is cleaved in the endolysosome to form an intracellular DNA sensor with the C-terminal TLR9.

PMID 24270517

Mir126-Kdr axis is an important regulator of the innate response. Mir126 controls the survival and function of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and regulates gene expression of Tlr7, Tlr9, Nfkb1 and Kdr.

PMID 25600358

Dnase2a is required for Tlr9 activation by bacterial genomic DNA.

PMID 26957214

Tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for Tlr9 protein stability and signalling.

PMID 26416273

Tlr9 activation requires a single CpG positioned 4-6 nucleotides from the 5'-end and this activation is augmented by a 5'TCC sequence one to three nucleotides from the CG.

Entrez Gene

Summary

Currently no Entrez Summary Available. You might want to check the Summary Sections of the Orthologs.

Gene Information

Type

Protein coding

Genomic Location

Chromosome 9:106222598-106226883

Strand

Forward strand

Band

Transcripts

ENSMUST00000062241

ENSMUSP00000082207

Interactions

Number of Interactions

This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 18 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database.

Experimentally validated
Total	18 [view]
Protein-Protein	10 [view]
Protein-DNA	8 [view]
Protein-RNA	0
DNA-DNA	0
RNA-RNA	0
DNA-RNA	0

Gene Ontology

Molecular Function

Accession	GO Term
GO:0004888	transmembrane signaling receptor activity
GO:0005515	protein binding
GO:0035197	siRNA binding
GO:0045322	unmethylated CpG binding

Biological Process

GO:0001774	microglial cell activation
GO:0002224	toll-like receptor signaling pathway
GO:0002237	response to molecule of bacterial origin
GO:0002282	microglial cell activation involved in immune response
GO:0002755	MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway
GO:0006954	inflammatory response
GO:0006955	immune response
GO:0007165	signal transduction
GO:0008584	male gonad development
GO:0009615	response to virus
GO:0010508	positive regulation of autophagy
GO:0030277	maintenance of gastrointestinal epithelium
GO:0032715	negative regulation of interleukin-6 production
GO:0032728	positive regulation of interferon-beta production
GO:0032733	positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
GO:0032735	positive regulation of interleukin-12 production
GO:0032741	positive regulation of interleukin-18 production
GO:0032755	positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
GO:0032760	positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
GO:0034162	toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway
GO:0042742	defense response to bacterium
GO:0045078	positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process
GO:0045087	innate immune response (InnateDB)
GO:0045356	positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process
GO:0045359	positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process
GO:0045944	positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
GO:0050707	regulation of cytokine secretion
GO:0050727	regulation of inflammatory response
GO:0050729	positive regulation of inflammatory response
GO:0051607	defense response to virus
GO:0051770	positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process
GO:0052033	pathogen-associated molecular pattern dependent induction by symbiont of host innate immune response
GO:0071222	cellular response to lipopolysaccharide
GO:0071248	cellular response to metal ion

Cellular Component

GO:0005764	lysosome
GO:0005768	endosome
GO:0005783	endoplasmic reticulum
GO:0005789	endoplasmic reticulum membrane
GO:0005886	plasma membrane
GO:0016021	integral component of membrane
GO:0032009	early phagosome